| Marie Bethell Beauclerc | |
|---|---|
| Born | Born Maria Bethell 10 October 1845 St Pancras, London, England |
| Died | 19 September 1897 (aged 51) Birmingham, England First woman reporter in England First shorthand teacher in Birmingham First woman teacher in an English boys' public school (Rugby) Officially introduced typewriting to Birmingham |
Marie Bethell Beauclerc (1845–1897) was a pioneer in the teaching of Pitman's shorthand and typing in Birmingham, England. In 1888 she was the first woman to be appointed as a teacher in an English boys' public school. The school was Rugby. The Phonetic Journal September 1891 and the Birmingham journal, Birmingham Faces And Places May 1893, both credit her with being the first female reporter in England.[1]
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Marie Bethell Beauclerc was born in London in 1845 as Maria Bethell. When she was around four years old, she and her older twin siblings Richard and Elizabeth, were sent from London to Bath. By this time Maria Bethell's given name had been changed to Marie and her surname and the surname of her siblings, had been changed to Beauclerc. The children's father, Richard Bethell, died when Marie was five years old however the reason for the name change of Marie, Richard and Elizabeth from Bethell to Beauclerc is unknown. Now known as Marie Beauclerc, she attended Weston Boarding Schools near Bath until circumstances forced her to leave school at age nine. At age twelve she began teaching herself shorthand from a manual which she found in some waste paper. The manual, called The Phonographic Teacher was written by Isaac Pitman. On her thirteenth birthday, Marie Beauclerc and her mother moved to Birmingham where she continued her studies through a member of the Phonetic Society in Bath who corrected her exercises through the post. The addition of Bethell to her name Marie Beauclerc appeared for the first time in the title of her biography in The Phonetic Journal Sept. 1891.
In 1863, at the age of eighteen, Marie Beauclerc was engaged for two months as shorthand amanuensis to a phrenological lecturer visiting Birmingham. Later George Dawson (1821–1876), editor of the Birmingham Morning News between 1871 and 1873, also engaged Marie Beauclerc because of her outstanding shorthand reporting skills. The appointment of a female reporter by the Birmingham Morning News was extraordinary as it was the first time in England that a female had been engaged by a newspaper as a shorthand reporter. Marie Beauclerc's work at Birmingham Morning News included the reporting of many public meetings, conferences and lectures. At this time, shorthand was still a male dominated expertise however from approximately 1865 until Dawson's sudden death in 1876, Marie Beauclerc also recorded most of the content of the nine volumes of Dawson's lectures, prayers and sermons. Four volumes were published after Dawson's death. George St. Clair, the editor of these volumes, acknowledges in the prefaces that "The discourses are mostly from the shorthand reports of Miss Marie Beauclerc." (George Dawson, Every-Day Counsels, London, 1888). A similar preface reads, "When a lecture is reported by Miss Beauclerc – as is the case with the one on the Shadow of Death - we have a near approach to fulness and accuracy;" Further on St. Clair adds, "I have had, as before, the invaluable help of Miss Beauclerc in collating and transcribing." (George Dawson, Shakespeare and Other Lectures, London, 1888). Marie Beauclerc is also credited in prefaces of volumes of work by author and preacher, Christopher J. Street (1855–1931). When Unitarian clergyman and lecturer, Robert Collyer (1823–1912), visited Birmingham from the United States, he engaged Marie Beauclerc to report and edit his sermons and prayers which were delivered at Newhall Hill Church Birmingham on 2 Sept. 1883 and published during the same year.
In 1874 the Perry Barr Institute, the first suburban institute in Birmingham was established and Marie Beauclerc was appointed teacher of phonography. She held her position at this institute for fourteen years until 1888. Marie Beauclerc was also engaged to teach phonography when it was introduced at the Birmingham and Midland Institute in 1876. "Thousands of pupils have passed through the hands of Miss Beauclerc, in connection with this institute alone; and many young men owe their start in life to the knowledge they have thus gained." (The Phonetic Journal Sept. 1891). "In 1888, Miss Beauclerc was accorded the high honour of the appointment of Teacher of Shorthand at Rugby School". (Birmingham Faces And Places May 1893). This was the first time shorthand had been taught in an English public school and the first appointment of a female teacher in an English boys' public school. There were one hundred boys in her classes and Dr. Percival, headmaster at this time "expressed his satisfaction at the excellence of the teaching and the progress made by the pupils." (The Phonetic Journal Sept. 1891). Marie Beauclerc also taught senior boys at the Birmingham Blue Coat School and in addition to achieving as a female teacher of predominately male students in the fields of shorthand and typing, Marie Beauclerc was a teacher of dancing and callisthenics.
In 1887, Marie Beauclerc established a Shorthand Writers Association and "officially introduced the art of typewriting to Birmingham." (The Phonetic Journal Sept. 1891) (Birmingham Faces and Places May 1893). Also in 1887, Marie Beauclerc delivered a paper at the International Shorthand Congress and Phonographic Jubilee in London. Her paper, entitled Phonography in Birmingham, illustrates her passion for her pioneering work and is contained in the printed Transactions of the Congress held by the Pitman Library at the University of Bath. In England at this time, shorthand and typing were still male domains with few places available for female students and few employment opportunities for females. Marie Beauclerc's pioneering work in the fields of shorthand and typing, benefited the progress of Birmingham's business and cultural community, while her example and the discussion she generated, (e.g. International Congress) helped pave the way for the explosion of female stenography in the 20th century. In 1892, Marie Beauclerc now known as Marie Bethell Beauclerc, retired from teaching at the Birmingham and Midland Institute. Her retirement was due to illness, however she continued to edit Sunday Evening Lectures by James C. Street "during her short intervals of ease." (Birmingham Faces And Places May 1893.)
Marie Bethell Beauclerc died on 19 September 1897. She is buried at Key Hill Cemetery Birmingham, next to George Dawson. A quote from her headstone reads, "This stone was erected by the members of the Church of the Saviour, Birmingham. In grateful recognition of her services, by which many of the prayers, sermons and lectures of the late George Dawson, MA have been preserved". The Friends of Key Hill and Warstone Lane Cemeteries conduct monthly two hourly tours of Key Hill Cemetery and include her grave amongst those of other notable nineteenth century figures such as Joseph Chamberlain, George Dawson and John Henry Chamberlain. On 24 Sept. 2009, Chairman Richard Empson, in personal correspondence, wrote about an aspect of the life of Marie Bethell Beauclerc which is explained during cemetery tours. He said "she was one of several powerful women in the cemetery – Harriet Martineau & Constance Naden for example – who started to throw off the rigid mould imposed on them by Victorian convention and started to make their own way."